Bibliometrics: Foreign Ownership 2022

1 Initial Corpus generation

2 General Overview over EIST articles

2.1 Main Indicators: Publications, Authors, Countries

To start with, a general overview over the documents in the corpus.

MAIN INFORMATION ABOUT DATA

 Timespan                              1980 : 2021 
 Sources (Journals, Books, etc)        260 
 Documents                             725 
 Average years from publication        8.07 
 Average citations per documents       35.75 
 Average citations per year per doc    3.598 
 References                            43698 
 
DOCUMENT TYPES                     
 article      725 
 
DOCUMENT CONTENTS
 Keywords Plus (ID)                    318 
 Author's Keywords (DE)                1696 
 
AUTHORS
 Authors                               1447 
 Author Appearances                    1860 
 Authors of single-authored documents  102 
 Authors of multi-authored documents   1345 
 
AUTHORS COLLABORATION
 Single-authored documents             111 
 Documents per Author                  0.501 
 Authors per Document                  2 
 Co-Authors per Documents              2.57 
 Collaboration Index                   2.19 
 

Annual Scientific Production

Annual Percentage Growth Rate 11.71849 


Most Productive Authors

Top manuscripts per citations

Corresponding Author's Countries

SCP: Single Country Publications

MCP: Multiple Country Publications


Total Citations per Country

Most Relevant Sources

Most Relevant Keywords

NA

And a graphical visualization

2.2 Cited references

Top 20 cited references (by corpus documents):

CR	n
, &LDQUO	188
, &HYPHEN	152
KOGUT, B., SINGH, H., THE EFFECT OF NATIONAL CULTURE ON THE CHOICE OF ENTRY MODE (1988) JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES, 19 (3), PP. 411-432	60
JENSEN, M.C., MECKLING, W.H., THEORY OF THE FIRM: MANAGERIAL BEHAVIOR, AGENCY COSTS AND OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE (1976) JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS, 3 (4), PP. 305-360	39
ANDERSON, E., GATIGNON, H., MODES OF FOREIGN ENTRY: A TRANSACTION COST ANALYSIS AND PROPOSITIONS (1986) JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES, 17 (3), PP. 1-26	38
GRAVES, C., THOMAS, J., DETERMINANTS OF THE INTERNATIONALIZATION PATHWAYS OF FAMILY FIRMS: AN EXAMINATION OF FAMILY INFLUENCE (2008) FAMILY BUSINESS REVIEW, 21 (2), PP. 151-167	36
ZAHRA, S.A., INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION OF U.S. MANUFACTURING FAMILY BUSINESSES: THE EFFECT OF OWNERSHIP AND INVOLVEMENT (2003) JOURNAL OF BUSINESS VENTURING, 18 (4), PP. 495-512	34
KONTINEN, T., OJALA, A., THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF FAMILY BUSINESSES: A REVIEW OF EXTANT RESEARCH (2010) JOURNAL OF FAMILY BUSINESS STRATEGY, 1 (2), PP. 97-107	30
PUKALL, T.J., CALABRÒ, A., THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF FAMILY FIRMS: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND INTEGRATIVE MODEL (2014) FAMILY BUSINESS REVIEW, 27 (2), PP. 103-125	29
BROUTHERS, K.D., INSTITUTIONAL, CULTURAL AND TRANSACTION COST INFLUENCES ON ENTRY MODE CHOICE AND PERFORMANCE (2002) JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES, 33 (2), PP. 203-221	27
GALLO, M.A., SVEEN, J., INTERNATIONALIZING THE FAMILY BUSINESS: FACILITATING AND RESTRAINING FACTORS (1991) FAMILY BUSINESS REVIEW, 4 (2), PP. 181-190	27
ZAHEER, S., OVERCOMING THE LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS (1995) ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL, 38 (2), PP. 341-363	27
SCIASCIA, S., MAZZOLA, P., ASTRACHAN, J.H., PIEPER, T.M., THE ROLE OF FAMILY OWNERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: EXPLORING NONLINEAR EFFECTS (2012) SMALL BUSINESS ECONOMICS, 38 (1), PP. 15-31	26
DOUMA, S., GEORGE, R., KABIR, R., FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC OWNERSHIP, BUSINESS GROUPS, AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM A LARGE EMERGING MARKET (2006) STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT JOURNAL, 27 (7), PP. 637-657	25
GEORGE, G., WIKLUND, J., ZAHRA, S.A., OWNERSHIP AND THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMALL FIRMS (2005) JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, 31 (2), PP. 210-233	25
DAHLQUIST, M., ROBERTSSON, G., DIRECT FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS, AND FIRM CHARACTERISTICS (2001) JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS, 59 (3), PP. 413-440	24
KOSTOVA, T., ZAHEER, S., ORGANIZATIONAL LEGITIMACY UNDER CONDITIONS OF COMPLEXITY: THE CASE OF THE MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE (1999) ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT REVIEW, 24 (1), PP. 64-81	23
MEYER, K.E., ESTRIN, S., BHAUMIK, S.K., PENG, M.W., INSTITUTIONS, RESOURCES, AND ENTRY STRATEGIES IN EMERGING ECONOMIES (2009) STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT JOURNAL, 30 (1), PP. 61-80	23
BARNEY, J., FIRM RESOURCES AND SUSTAINED COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE (1991) JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, 17 (1), PP. 99-120	22
PENG, M.W., INSTITUTIONAL TRANSITIONS AND STRATEGIC CHOICES (2003) ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT REVIEW, 28 (2), PP. 275-296	22

3 Topic modelling

I by now created some topic modelling. The results are now more fine-tuned, but there is still room for some improvement. We ran a LDA on the titles + abstracts of our corpus, aiming at identifying 6 topics (different evaluation methods point towards this number)

3.1 Topics by topwords

This might still be finetuned, but initially doesnt look that bad I think. All the topics for me seem to be somewhat identifiable. We should maybe start naming them to make their interpretation later easier.

3.2 Topics over time

`summarise()` has grouped output by 'PY'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.

3.3 LDAViz

Here you find a nice way of exploring topics via the LDAVIz methodology of visulizing the result of an LDA. It dispolays all topics in a 2 dimensional TSNE (similar to PCA, but optimized for graphical illustration in 2d), and also gives a nice visual representation over the topics top-word distribution and overall frequencies of this words in the corpus. The \(\lambda\) parameter regulates the importance-ordering of the topwords. High \(\lambda\) order words by the highest propability to appear in the topic to the lowest (independent of the overall word popularity in the corpus), whle low \(\lambda\) emphasize words which are very specific to the topic, and rarely appear in others.

Play a bit around. Since it would be here a bit condensed, here in fullscreen for a better overview.

4 Knowledge Bases: Co-Citation network analysis

Note: This analysis refers the co-citation analysis, where the cited references and not the original publications are the unit of analysis. See tab Technical descriptionfor additional explanations

4.1 Knowledge Bases summary

4.1.1 Main Indicators

In order to partition networks into components or clusters, we deploy a community detection technique based on the Lovain Algorithm (Blondel et al., 2008). The Lovain Algorithm is a heuristic method that attempts to optimize the modularity of communities within a network by maximizing within- and minimizing between-community connectivity. We identify the following communities = knowledge bases.

It is not the main focus of this exercise, but still informative to see which historical knowledge the fields draws from.

NOTE: Up to now I only report the most central members per community

com	name	dgr_int	dgr
1	KONTINEN T. OJALA A. THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF FAMILY BUSINESSES: A REVIEW OF EXTANT RESEARCH (2010)	1414	1555
1	GRAVES C. THOMAS J. DETERMINANTS OF THE INTERNATIONALIZATION PATHWAYS OF FAMILY FIRMS: AN EXAMINATION OF FAMILY INFLUENCE (2008)	1315	1464
1	ZAHRA S.A. INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION OF U.S. MANUFACTURING FAMILY BUSINESSES: THE EFFECT OF OWNERSHIP AND INVOLVEMENT (2003)	1209	1444
1	SCIASCIA S. MAZZOLA P. ASTRACHAN J.H. PIEPER T.M. THE ROLE OF FAMILY OWNERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: EXPLORING NONLINEAR EFFECTS (2012)	924	1028
1	GALLO M.A. SVEEN J. INTERNATIONALIZING THE FAMILY BUSINESS: FACILITATING AND RESTRAINING FACTORS (1991)	922	1035
1	PUKALL T.J. CALABRÒ A. THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF FAMILY FIRMS: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND INTEGRATIVE MODEL (2014)	851	916
1	GEORGE G. WIKLUND J. ZAHRA S.A. OWNERSHIP AND THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMALL FIRMS (2005)	799	1111
1	FERNÁNDEZ Z. NIETO M.J. IMPACT OF OWNERSHIP ON THE INTERNATIONAL INVOLVEMENT OF SMES (2006)	737	827
1	SIRMON D.G. HITT M.A. MANAGING RESOURCES: LINKING UNIQUE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND WEALTH CREATION IN FAMILY FIRMS (2003)	712	799
1	GRAVES C. THOMAS J. INTERNATIONALIZATION OF AUSTRALIAN FAMILY BUSINESSES: A MANAGERIAL CAPABILITIES PERSPECTIVE (2006)	701	755
2	JENSEN M.C. MECKLING W.H. THEORY OF THE FIRM: MANAGERIAL BEHAVIOR AGENCY COSTS AND OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE (1976)	789	1392
2	AGGARWAL R. EREL I. FERREIRA M. MATOS P. DOES GOVERNANCE TRAVEL AROUND THE WORLD? EVIDENCE FROM INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS (2011)	560	563
2	LA PORTA R. LOPEZ-DE-SILANES F. SHLEIFER A. CORPORATE OWNERSHIP AROUND THE WORLD (1999)	534	861
2	SHLEIFER A. VISHNY R.W. A SURVEY OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (1997)	447	597
2	DAHLQUIST M. ROBERTSSON G. DIRECT FOREIGN OWNERSHIP INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS AND FIRM CHARACTERISTICS (2001)	395	395
2	THOMSEN S. PEDERSEN T. OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN THE LARGEST EUROPEAN COMPANIES (2000)	333	620
2	TIHANYI L. JOHNSON R.A. HOSKISSON R.E. HITT M.A. INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP DIFFERENCES AND INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION: THE EFFECTS OF BOARDS OF DI...	272	478
2	FERREIRA M.A. MATOS P. THE COLORS OF INVESTORS’ MONEY: THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS AROUND THE WORLD (2008)	237	237
2	FAMA E.F. JENSEN M.C. SEPARATION OF OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL (1983)	225	370
2	DJANKOV S. LA PORTA R. LOPEZ-DE-SILANES F. SHLEIFER A. THE LAW AND ECONOMICS OF SELF-DEALING (2008)	220	226
3	KOGUT B. SINGH H. THE EFFECT OF NATIONAL CULTURE ON THE CHOICE OF ENTRY MODE (1988)	1346	1648
3	DELIOS A. BEAMISH P.W. OWNERSHIP STRATEGY OF JAPANESE FIRMS: TRANSACTIONAL INSTITUTIONAL AND EXPERIENCE INFLUENCES (1999)	1033	1115
3	ANDERSON E. GATIGNON H. MODES OF FOREIGN ENTRY: A TRANSACTION COST ANALYSIS AND PROPOSITIONS (1986)	1003	1273
3	BROUTHERS K.D. INSTITUTIONAL CULTURAL AND TRANSACTION COST INFLUENCES ON ENTRY MODE CHOICE AND PERFORMANCE (2002)	771	854
3	YIU D. MAKINO S. THE CHOICE BETWEEN JOINT VENTURE AND WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY: AN INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE (2002)	585	669
3	GOMES-CASSERES B. FIRM OWNERSHIP PREFERENCES AND HOST GOVERNMENT RESTRICTIONS: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH (1990)	539	551
3	KOSTOVA T. ZAHEER S. ORGANIZATIONAL LEGITIMACY UNDER CONDITIONS OF COMPLEXITY: THE CASE OF THE MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE (1999)	535	630
3	GATIGNON H. ANDERSON E. THE MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION'S DEGREE OF CONTROL OVER FOREIGN SUBSIDIARIES: AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF A TRANSACTION COST EXPLAN...	524	546
3	ZAHEER S. OVERCOMING THE LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS (1995)	468	882
3	AGARWAL S. RAMASWAMI S.N. CHOICE OF FOREIGN MARKET ENTRY MODE: IMPACT OF OWNERSHIP LOCATION AND INTERNALIZATION FACTORS (1992)	459	493
4	CUERVO-CAZURRA A. INKPEN A. MUSACCHIO A. RAMASWAMY K. GOVERNMENTS AS OWNERS: STATE-OWNED MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES (2014)	641	775
4	MEYER K.E. DING Y. LI J. ZHANG H. OVERCOMING DISTRUST: HOW STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES ADAPT THEIR FOREIGN ENTRIES TO INSTITUTIONAL PRESSURES ABROAD (2...	410	500
4	WANG C. HONG J. KAFOUROS M. WRIGHT M. EXPLORING THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN OUTWARD FDI FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES (2012)	391	486
4	LUO Y. XUE Q. HAN B. HOW EMERGING MARKET GOVERNMENTS PROMOTE OUTWARD FDI: EXPERIENCE FROM CHINA (2010)	348	418
4	BUCKLEY P.J. CLEGG L.J. CROSS A.R. LIU X. VOSS H. ZHENG P. THE DETERMINANTS OF CHINESE OUTWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (2007)	284	431
4	LUO Y. TUNG R.L. INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION OF EMERGING MARKET ENTERPRISES: A SPRINGBOARD PERSPECTIVE (2007)	266	487
4	ESTRIN S. MEYER K.E. NIELSEN B.B. NIELSEN S. HOME COUNTRY INSTITUTIONS AND THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES: A CROSS-COUNTRY ANA...	252	272
4	MEGGINSON W.L. NETTER J.M. FROM STATE TO MARKET: A SURVEY OF EMPIRICAL STUDIES ON PRIVATIZATION (2001)	237	279
4	CUI L. JIANG F. STATE OWNERSHIP EFFECT ON FIRMS’ FDI OWNERSHIP DECISIONS UNDER INSTITUTIONAL PRESSURE: A STUDY OF CHINESE OUTWARD-INVESTING FIRMS (...	234	272
4	VERNON R. THE INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (1979)	229	248

4.1.2 Development of Knowledge Bases

4.2 Technical description

In a co-cittion network, the strength of the relationship between a reference pair \(m\) and \(n\) (\(s_{m,n}^{coc}\)) is expressed by the number of publications \(C\) which are jointly citing reference \(m\) and \(n\).

\[s_{m,n}^{coc} = \sum_i c_{i,m} c_{i,n}\]

The intuition here is that references which are frequently cited together are likely to share commonalities in theory, topic, methodology, or context. It can be interpreted as a measure of similarity as evaluated by other researchers that decide to jointly cite both references. Because the publication process is time-consuming, co-citation is a backward-looking measure, which is appropriate to map the relationship between core literature of a field.

5 Research Areas: Bibliographic coupling analysis

5.1 Research Areas main summary

This is arguably the more interesting part. Here, we identify the literature’s current knowledge frontier by carrying out a bibliographic coupling analysis of the publications in our corpus. This measure uses bibliographical information of publications to establish a similarity relationship between them. Again, method details to be found in the tab Technical description. As you will see, we identify the more narrow research community of Sustainability Transitions (in which we will zoom in later), but also a set of adjacent research areas with some theoretical/methodological/application overlap.

5.1.1 Main Characteristics

To identify communities in the field’s knowledge frontier (labeled research areas) we again use the Lovain Algorithm (Blondel et al., 2008). We identify the following communities = research areas.

`summarise()` has grouped output by 'com'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.

com	com_name	topic_name
1	1	10
1	1	5
1	1	8
2	2	3
2	2	4
2	2	9
3	3	2
3	3	6
3	3	4
4	4	6
4	4	1
4	4	4
5	5	1
5	5	5
5	5	9
NA	NA	1
NA	NA	7
NA	NA	5

5.1.2 Categorization

I up to now gain only provide the 10 most central articles, which can be used to classify them

com_name	AU	PY	TI	dgr_int	TC	TC_year
1	GUL FA;KIM JB;QIU AA	2010	OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION, FOREIGN SHAREHOLDING, AUDIT QUALITY, AND STOCK PRICE SYNCHRONICITY: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA	1.0557244	463	38.583333
1	DAHLQUIST M;ROBERTSSON G	2001	DIRECT FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS, AND FIRM CHARACTERISTICS	0.5357667	420	20.000000
1	DOUMA S;GEORGE R;KABIR R	2006	FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC OWNERSHIP, BUSINESS GROUPS, AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM A LARGE EMERGING MARKET	1.1122991	362	22.625000
1	TIHANYI L;JOHNSON RA;H...	2003	INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP DIFFERENCES AND INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION: THE EFFECTS OF BOARDS OF DIRECTORS AND TECHNOLOGICA...	1.0013004	308	16.210526
1	DEFOND M;HU X;HUNG M;LI S	2011	THE IMPACT OF MANDATORY IFRS ADOPTION ON FOREIGN MUTUAL FUND OWNERSHIP: THE ROLE OF COMPARABILITY	0.5538367	281	25.545455
1	DYCK A;LINS KV;ROTH L;...	2019	DO INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS DRIVE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY? INTERNATIONAL EVIDENCE	0.4957404	268	89.333333
1	MCGUINNESS PB;VIEITO J...	2017	THE ROLE OF BOARD GENDER AND FOREIGN OWNERSHIP IN THE CSR PERFORMANCE OF CHINESE LISTED FIRMS	0.2624070	222	44.400000
1	BOUBAKRI N;COSSET JC;S...	2013	THE ROLE OF STATE AND FOREIGN OWNERS IN CORPORATE RISK-TAKING: EVIDENCE FROM PRIVATIZATION	1.0183927	217	24.111111
1	DEWENTER KL;MALATESTA PH	1997	PUBLIC OFFERINGS OF STATE-OWNED AND PRIVATELY-OWNED ENTERPRISES: AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON	0.0267857	171	6.840000
1	BENA J;FERREIRA MA;MAT...	2017	ARE FOREIGN INVESTORS LOCUSTS? THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF FOREIGN INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP	0.5801567	155	31.000000
2	ZAHRA SA	2003	INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION OF U.S. MANUFACTURING FAMILY BUSINESSES: THE EFFECT OF OWNERSHIP AND INVOLVEMENT	1.4084867	543	28.578947
2	FERNÁNDEZ Z;NIETO MJ	2006	IMPACT OF OWNERSHIP ON THE INTERNATIONAL INVOLVEMENT OF SMES	1.8298975	394	24.625000
2	FERNÁNDEZ Z;NIETO MJ	2005	INTERNATIONALIZATION STRATEGY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED FAMILY BUSINESSES: SOME INFLUENTIAL FACTORS	0.8829727	380	22.352941
2	GEORGE G;WIKLUND J;ZAH...	2005	OWNERSHIP AND THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMALL FIRMS	0.6609819	353	20.764706
2	PUKALL TJ;CALABRÒ A	2014	THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF FAMILY FIRMS: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND INTEGRATIVE MODEL	4.6995162	239	29.875000
2	BHAUMIK SK;DRIFFIELD N...	2010	DOES OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE OF EMERGING-MARKET FIRMS AFFECT THEIR OUTWARD FDI THE CASE OF THE INDIAN AUTOMOTIVE AND PHARMACEU...	0.6525933	235	19.583333
2	GRAVES C;THOMAS J	2006	INTERNATIONALIZATION OF AUSTRALIAN FAMILY BUSINESSES: A MANAGERIAL CAPABILITIES PERSPECTIVE	2.2318967	205	12.812500
2	SCIASCIA S;MAZZOLA P;A...	2012	THE ROLE OF FAMILY OWNERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: EXPLORING NONLINEAR EFFECTS	2.5836114	202	20.200000
2	CERRATO D;PIVA M	2012	THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES: THE EFFECT OF FAMILY MANAGEMENT, HUMAN CAPITAL AND FOREIGN...	2.1616554	141	14.100000
2	DE MASSIS A;FRATTINI F...	2018	FAMILY FIRMS IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: TOWARD A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF INTERNATIONALIZATION DETERMINANTS, PROCESSES, AND OUT...	1.6448323	136	34.000000
3	GAUR AS;LU JW	2007	OWNERSHIP STRATEGIES AND SURVIVAL OF FOREIGN SUBSIDIARIES: IMPACTS OF INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND EXPERIENCE	3.2913355	423	28.200000
3	CUI L;JIANG F	2012	STATE OWNERSHIP EFFECT ON FIRMS' FDI OWNERSHIP DECISIONS UNDER INSTITUTIONAL PRESSURE: A STUDY OF CHINESE OUTWARD-INVESTIN...	3.8764605	413	41.300000
3	HENNART JF;LARIMO J	1998	THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON THE STRATEGY OF MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES: DOES NATIONAL ORIGIN AFFECT OWNERSHIP DECISIONS?	0.6975016	362	15.083333
3	CHAN CM;MAKINO S	2007	LEGITIMACY AND MULTI-LEVEL INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR FOREIGN SUBSIDIARY OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE	4.0305818	233	15.533333
3	PAN Y	1996	INFLUENCES ON FOREIGN EQUITY OWNERSHIP LEVEL IN JOINT VENTURES IN CHINA	2.4872363	211	8.115385
3	MEYER KE;DING Y;LI J;Z...	2014	OVERCOMING DISTRUST: HOW STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES ADAPT THEIR FOREIGN ENTRIES TO INSTITUTIONAL PRESSURES ABROAD	1.7388505	210	26.250000
3	DHANARAJ C;BEAMISH PW	2004	EFFECT OF EQUITY OWNERSHIP ON THE SURVIVAL OF INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURES	2.2277251	204	11.333333
3	ERRAMILLI MK	1996	NATIONALITY AND SUBSIDIARY OWNERSHIP PATTERNS IN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS	1.0862856	187	7.192308
3	PADMANABHAN P;RAE CHO K	1999	DECISION SPECIFIC EXPERIENCE IN FOREIGN OWNERSHIP AND ESTABLISHMENT STRATEGIES: EVIDENCE FROM JAPANESE FIRMS	2.0542693	179	7.782609
3	ZHANG Y;LI H;HITT MA;C...	2007	R&D INTENSITY AND INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURE PERFORMANCE IN AN EMERGING MARKET: MODERATING EFFECTS OF MARKET FOCUS AND OW...	0.5426928	145	9.666667
4	RAMASAMY B;YEUNG M;LAF...	2012	CHINA'S OUTWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: LOCATION CHOICE AND FIRM OWNERSHIP	0.5120661	418	41.800000
4	SUN SL;PENG MW;REN B;Y...	2012	A COMPARATIVE OWNERSHIP ADVANTAGE FRAMEWORK FOR CROSS-BORDER M&AS: THE RISE OF CHINESE AND INDIAN MNES	0.8176752	237	23.700000
4	LIANG H;REN B;SUN SL	2015	AN ANATOMY OF STATE CONTROL IN THE GLOBALIZATION OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES	1.2918958	116	16.571429
4	HUANG Y;XIE E;LI Y;RED...	2017	DOES STATE OWNERSHIP FACILITATE OUTWARD FDI OF CHINESE SOES? INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, MARKET COMPETITION, AND THE LOGIC ...	1.1977331	77	15.400000
4	ESTRIN S;MEYER KE;NIEL...	2016	HOME COUNTRY INSTITUTIONS AND THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES: A CROSS-COUNTRY ANALYSIS	0.8189667	112	18.666667
4	LI MH;CUI L;LU J	2014	VARIETIES IN STATE CAPITALISM: OUTWARD FDI STRATEGIES OF CENTRAL AND LOCAL STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES FROM EMERGING ECONOMY C...	0.6009813	149	18.625000
4	MARIOTTI S;MARZANO R	2019	VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM AND THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES	1.5139854	48	16.000000
4	CUI L;LI Y;MEYER KE;LI Z	2015	LEADERSHIP EXPERIENCE MEETS OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE: RETURNEE MANAGERS AND INTERNATIONALIZATION OF EMERGING ECONOMY FIRMS	0.8282586	55	7.857143
4	KALASIN K;CUERVO-CAZUR...	2020	STATE OWNERSHIP AND INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION: THE S-CURVE RELATIONSHIP	2.1271207	21	10.500000
4	BENITO GRG;RYGH A;LUNN...	2016	THE BENEFITS OF INTERNATIONALIZATION FOR STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES	1.0352357	42	7.000000
5	DACHS B;PETERS B	2014	INNOVATION, EMPLOYMENT GROWTH, AND FOREIGN OWNERSHIP OF FIRMS: A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE	0.2409051	87	10.875000
5	HARRIS R;ROBINSON C	2003	FOREIGN OWNERSHIP AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM ESTIMATES FOR U.K. MANUFACTURING USING THE ARD	0.0751652	84	4.421053
5	BARBOSA N;LOURI H	2005	CORPORATE PERFORMANCE: DOES OWNERSHIP MATTER? A COMPARISON OF FOREIGN- AND DOMESTIC-OWNED FIRMS IN GREECE AND PORTUGAL	0.0392045	69	4.058823
5	TEIXEIRA AAC;TAVARES-L...	2014	HUMAN CAPITAL INTENSITY IN TECHNOLOGY-BASED FIRMS LOCATED IN PORTUGAL: DOES FOREIGN OWNERSHIP MATTER?	0.1299106	37	4.625000
5	TAYMAZ E;ÖZLER	2007	FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, COMPETITION, AND SURVIVAL DYNAMICS	0.1356249	36	2.400000
5	HALKOS GE;TZEREMES NG	2010	THE EFFECT OF FOREIGN OWNERSHIP ON SMES PERFORMANCE: AN EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS PERSPECTIVE	0.1351581	29	2.416667
5	MAO ZE;YANG Y	2016	FDI SPILLOVERS IN THE CHINESE HOTEL INDUSTRY: THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS, STAR-RATING CLASSIFICATIONS, OWNERSHIP TYPES...	0.1731369	26	4.333333
5	WAGNER J;GELÜBCKE JPW	2013	FOREIGN OWNERSHIP AND FIRM SURVIVAL: FIRST EVIDENCE FOR ENTERPRISES IN GERMANY	0.3228606	21	2.333333
5	KAMARUDIN F;SUFIAN F;N...	2016	GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS, OWNERSHIP AND BANK PROFIT EFFICIENCY IN THE BANGLADESH'S STATE OWNED AND PRIVATE COMMERCIAL BANKS...	0.0894857	19	3.166667
5	GIRMA S;GONG Y;GÖRG H;...	2015	INVESTMENT LIBERALISATION, TECHNOLOGY TAKE-OFF AND EXPORT MARKETS ENTRY: DOES FOREIGN OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE MATTER?	0.2102030	13	1.857143

5.1.3

5.1.4 Development

`summarise()` has grouped output by 'com_name'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.

We again see quite some dynamics….

5.1.5 Connectivity between the research areas

Warning: Ignoring unknown parameters: strenght

5.2 Technical description

In a bibliographic coupling network, the coupling-strength between publications is determined by the number of commonly cited references they share, assuming a common pool of references to indicate similarity in context, methods, or theory. Formally, the strength of the relationship between a publication pair \(i\) and \(j\) (\(s_{i,j}^{bib}\)) is expressed by the number of commonly cited references.

\[ s_{i,j}^{bib} = \sum_m c_{i,m} c_{j,m} \]

Since our corpus contains publications which differ strongly in terms of the number of cited references, we normalize the coupling strength by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. Here, we weight the intercept of two publications’ bibliography (shared refeences) by their union (number of all references cited by either \(i\) or \(j\)). It is bounded between zero and one, where one indicates the two publications to have an identical bibliography, and zero that they do not share any cited reference. Thereby, we prevent publications from having high coupling strength due to a large bibliography (e.g., literature surveys).

\[ S_{i,j}^{jac-bib} =\frac{C(i \cap j)}{C(i \cup j)} = \frac{s_{i,j}^{bib}}{c_i + c_j - s_{i,j}^{bib}} \]

More recent articles have a higher pool of possible references to co-cite to, hence they are more likely to be coupled. Consequently, bibliographic coupling represents a forward looking measure, and the method of choice to identify the current knowledge frontier at the point of analysis.

6 Additional analysis

6.1 Authors, Themes & Journals

6.1.1 Conceptual trajectories: Historical citation path analysis

 Legend

$net
IGRAPH 8a9e666 DN-- 54 189 -- 
+ attr: name (v/c), title (v/c), id (v/c), size (v/n), years (v/n), color (e/c)
+ edges from 8a9e666 (vertex names):
 [1] PUKALL TJ, 2014, FAM BUS REV->DE MASSIS A, 2018, GLOB STRATEGY J   
 [2] PUKALL TJ, 2014, FAM BUS REV->ARREGLE JL, 2017, ENTREP THEORY PRACT
 [3] PUKALL TJ, 2014, FAM BUS REV->CESINGER B, 2016, J WORLD BUS        
 [4] PUKALL TJ, 2014, FAM BUS REV->D'ANGELO A, 2016, J WORLD BUS        
 [5] PUKALL TJ, 2014, FAM BUS REV->RAY S, 2018, GLOB STRATEGY J         
 [6] PUKALL TJ, 2014, FAM BUS REV->KANO L, 2018, GLOB STRATEGY J        
 [7] PUKALL TJ, 2014, FAM BUS REV->DEBELLIS F, 2021, J WORLD BUS        
 [8] PUKALL TJ, 2014, FAM BUS REV->CASPRINI E, 2020, INT BUS REV        
+ ... omitted several edges

$g

$layout

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